Based on an open-air field climate change platform, which included ambient conditions as the control (CK), elevated CO₂ concentration (CE), air warming (WA), and CO₂ enrichment plus air warming (CW), changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial abundance in paddy soil aggregates were determined. The results showed that: 1) Compared to CK, CE significantly increased soil water stable large aggregates (R_0.25), average weight diameter (MWD), and geometric average diameter (GMD), whereas MWD and GMD had no significant changes under WA or CW. 2) The contribution rates of aggregates SOC to total SOC followed the pattern that small micro-aggregates > large macro-aggregates > silt-clay fraction > micro- aggregates. SOC content in silt-clay fraction was significantly lower than that in other aggregate fractions. Compared to CK, CE significantly increased SOC in large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates, but WA had no change in SOC content in each particle size. 3) Bacteria abundances in >2 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates increased significantly under CE when compared to CK, while those in <0.25 mm aggregates were increased significantly in WA and CW. The fungi were dominated in >2 mm aggregates. Fungi abundance in aggregates in each particle size increased significantly under CE when compared to CK, WA and CW significantly increased fungi abundance in >2 mm and <2 mm aggregates, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the abundances of bacteria and fungi in soil aggregates were positively related to MWD, and fungi abundance in soil aggregates was positively related to SOC content. These results suggest that SOC content and microbial abundance are influenced by the interaction of climate change and soil aggregates, and the responses of SOC in aggregates and microbial abundance to elevated CO₂ are much more sensitive than warming.