In order to explore the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of fertility and weathering degree of typical purple soils in hilly areas of central Sichuan, based on the information of the sampling sites in the Second National Soil Survey Report (1980s), dryland samples (0-20 cm) of typical purple soils were re-sampled in April 2021, soil physiochemical properties were measured, soil fertility and weathering indicators were calculated and compared. The results showed that: 1) Over the past forty years, all purple soil physicochemical indicators in study area increased except soil pH decreased, among of which, total potassium, available phosphorus, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and carbon nitrogen ratio increased significantly(P<0.05), while soil comprehensive fertility index (IFI) also exhibited a significant increase(P<0.05). 2) Weathering degree of purple soil in study area was strengthened, but still maintained a moderate level of weathering, with increased degrees of desilication and enrichment of aluminum and iron, and a decreased degree of apparent leaching. 3)The contents of purple soil total nitrogen and organic matter were the primary factors limiting the improvement of soil fertility in study area, while soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total potassium content, and carbon nitrogen ratio were the main controlling factors of soil weathering process. In conclusion, over the past forty years, under the influence of multiple factors such as fertilization, nitrogen deposition and climate change, the integrated fertility of typical purple soil in hilly areas of central Sichuan has significantly improved, and the degree of weathering also has enhanced.