The evaluation of cultivated soil health serves as an effective approach to ascertain the condition of arable land and formulate corresponding conservation and utilisation strategies and recommendations. This paper systematically summarises the developmental trajectory of soil health-related concepts both domestically and internationally. It compiles the utilisation of evaluation indicators in China's cultivated soil health assessment research over the past decade, categorising them according to soil physical indicators, chemical indicators, biological indicators, production management indicators, site conditions, climatic conditions, and limiting factors. It thoroughly examines indicator interrelationships and the significance of soil biological indicators, subsequently outlining indicator selection, weighting, and evaluation methodologies within soil health assessments. Building upon this foundation, the paper projects future trends in China's soil health evaluation practices, considering varying assessment scales and evaluation subjects.